A Legal and Practical Guide

I. Introduction

Carousell is a popular online marketplace where users buy and sell goods such as gadgets, clothes, collectibles, appliances, furniture, tickets, luxury items, vehicles, and other personal property. Because transactions often occur between private individuals, scammers may exploit the platform by using fake identities, stolen photos, misleading listings, fake payment screenshots, bogus delivery arrangements, and impersonation schemes.

In the Philippines, a Carousell scam may give rise to criminal, civil, consumer, cybercrime, and data privacy remedies depending on the facts. The proper complaint may be filed with Carousell, the police, the Philippine National Police Anti-Cybercrime Group, the National Bureau of Investigation Cybercrime Division, the prosecutor’s office, the Department of Trade and Industry in certain consumer-related cases, or the National Privacy Commission if personal data was misused.

This article explains how to identify a Carousell scam, what laws may apply, where to file a complaint, what evidence to preserve, how to prepare a complaint-affidavit, and what legal remedies may be available in the Philippine context.

II. Common Carousell Scam Scenarios

Carousell scams may involve either a fake seller or a fake buyer. The legal strategy depends on which role the scammer played and what was done.

A. Fake Seller Scam

A fake seller lists an item, receives payment, and fails to deliver.

Common examples include:

The seller asks for full payment or a deposit, then blocks the buyer.
The seller sends a fake tracking number.
The seller uses stolen product photos from another listing.
The seller promises same-day shipping but never ships the item.
The seller repeatedly gives excuses for delay.
The seller claims the courier lost the item but cannot provide proof.
The seller uses a fake identity or fake address.
The seller sells an item they do not own.
The seller sells the same item to multiple buyers.
The seller sends a different, defective, counterfeit, or worthless item.

B. Fake Buyer Scam

A fake buyer tricks the seller into releasing the item without real payment.

Common examples include:

The buyer sends a fake bank transfer screenshot.
The buyer sends a fake GCash, Maya, or bank confirmation.
The buyer claims payment is “floating” or “processing.”
The buyer uses a fake courier pickup.
The buyer sends a phishing link supposedly for payment.
The buyer asks for OTPs or login credentials.
The buyer claims to be abroad and uses a fake agent.
The buyer overpays by fake check or fake transfer and asks for a refund.
The buyer pretends to be from Carousell support.
The buyer tricks the seller into shipping before actual funds are received.

C. Item Misrepresentation Scam

The seller delivers something, but the item is not what was promised.

Examples:

Counterfeit luxury goods sold as authentic.
Defective gadget sold as fully working.
Stolen phone sold without disclosure.
Wrong model or lower-value item delivered.
Empty box or unrelated object sent.
Repaired or modified item sold as brand new.
Fake concert, event, airline, or transport tickets.
Items with hidden defects.
Fake receipts or authenticity cards.
Misrepresented vehicle, motorcycle, or appliance condition.

D. Phishing and Account Takeover

Some scams are not ordinary buying and selling fraud but account theft.

Examples:

Scammer sends a link pretending to be Carousell payment verification.
Victim is asked to log in through a fake website.
Victim is asked for OTP, email password, or mobile wallet PIN.
Scammer takes over the victim’s Carousell account.
Scammer uses the account to scam others.
Scammer steals personal data, photos, addresses, and payment information.

E. Courier or Delivery Scam

The scammer manipulates delivery arrangements.

Examples:

Fake rider collects the item.
Buyer books a courier but payment is fake.
Seller claims item was shipped but provides fake proof.
Courier fee scam where victim pays delivery charges for a nonexistent item.
Scammer impersonates a logistics company.
Victim is directed to a fake tracking website.

III. Is a Carousell Scam a Crime?

A Carousell scam may be a crime if there is deceit, fraudulent representation, or unlawful taking of money or property. The most common criminal theory is estafa under the Revised Penal Code.

A scam may also involve cybercrime because the deceit was committed through an online platform, electronic messages, mobile banking, social media, or digital payment systems.

Depending on the facts, possible offenses may include:

Estafa or swindling;
Online estafa or cyber-enabled fraud;
Theft, if property was unlawfully taken;
Falsification, if fake receipts, IDs, documents, or screenshots were used;
Identity theft or misuse of another person’s account;
Cyber libel, if defamatory statements are posted online;
Unjust vexation or harassment;
Grave threats, if threats were made;
Data privacy violations;
Sale of counterfeit goods or trademark-related violations;
Consumer protection violations, where the seller is acting as a business.

Not every failed transaction is automatically a crime. A delay, misunderstanding, courier issue, or honest dispute over product condition may be civil in nature. But when there is evidence of deception from the start, fake identity, fake proof of payment, repeated excuses, blocking after payment, or multiple victims, criminal liability becomes more likely.

IV. Legal Basis in the Philippine Context

A. Revised Penal Code: Estafa

Estafa generally involves defrauding another person through abuse of confidence, deceit, false pretenses, fraudulent acts, or similar means, resulting in damage.

In a Carousell transaction, estafa may arise when:

A seller falsely claims to own or possess an item;
A seller receives payment and never intends to deliver;
A buyer uses fake proof of payment to obtain an item;
A party uses a false identity to induce payment or delivery;
A party misrepresents a material fact to obtain money or property;
A party sells counterfeit or nonexistent goods through deceit.

Key ideas in estafa complaints are deceit, reliance, and damage.

The complainant should show:

What the scammer represented;
Why the representation was false;
How the victim relied on it;
What money or property was lost;
How the scammer benefited.

B. Cybercrime Prevention Act

If the fraud was committed through Carousell, chat messages, SMS, email, mobile wallet, online banking, fake websites, or social media, cybercrime laws may apply. Online fraud may be treated more seriously because information and communications technology was used.

Relevant facts include:

The transaction occurred through an online platform;
Messages were sent electronically;
Fake digital proof of payment was used;
The scammer used a fake profile or hacked account;
Payment was sent through digital means;
The scammer used electronic deception.

C. E-Commerce and Electronic Evidence

Digital evidence can support a complaint. Screenshots, chat logs, transaction records, links, account names, phone numbers, timestamps, and electronic receipts may be used to establish what happened.

Because digital evidence can be deleted or altered, victims should preserve it immediately.

D. Consumer Protection Law

If the seller is operating as a business, not merely an occasional private seller, consumer protection laws may apply. This is relevant when the seller regularly sells goods, represents themselves as a shop, or offers products to the public as part of trade or business.

Possible consumer complaints may involve:

Deceptive sales acts;
False advertising;
Misleading product descriptions;
Non-delivery of paid goods;
Refusal to honor warranty;
Sale of defective products;
Sale of counterfeit products.

For purely private person-to-person sales, consumer agency jurisdiction may be less straightforward, but fraud may still be reported to law enforcement.

E. Data Privacy Act

If the scam involved misuse of personal information, the Data Privacy Act may apply.

Examples:

Scammer uses the victim’s ID for another scam;
Scammer posts the victim’s address, phone number, or ID online;
Scammer uses private photos or personal data to threaten the victim;
Scammer collects personal information through phishing;
Scammer uses a hacked account to obtain personal data;
Scammer impersonates the victim using stolen information.

F. Civil Liability

Even when criminal proceedings are pursued, the victim may also seek recovery of money or damages. Civil liability may include:

Refund of payment;
Return of item;
Value of lost property;
Actual damages;
Moral damages in proper cases;
Attorney’s fees in proper cases;
Costs of suit.

A criminal case may include civil liability unless reserved or separately filed.

V. First Response After Discovering a Carousell Scam

Time matters. Scammers often delete listings, change usernames, block victims, abandon accounts, or move money quickly.

A victim should immediately:

Stop sending money.
Do not provide OTPs, passwords, or additional IDs.
Preserve all screenshots and messages.
Save the Carousell listing link.
Save the seller or buyer profile link.
Record the username, display name, phone number, and payment account.
Screenshot the item listing, price, description, photos, and date.
Screenshot payment instructions.
Download or save proof of payment.
Contact the bank or e-wallet provider.
Report the account to Carousell.
Consider reporting to cybercrime authorities.
Warn other potential victims if appropriate, using factual statements only.
Do not threaten the scammer back.
Do not delete the conversation even if embarrassing.

VI. Evidence to Preserve

A strong complaint depends on evidence. The victim should gather and organize the following.

A. Carousell Evidence

Listing title;
Listing URL;
Listing screenshots;
Item description;
Item photos;
Price;
Seller or buyer username;
Display name;
Profile URL;
Ratings and reviews;
Date account was created, if visible;
Other listings of the same user;
Chat history within Carousell;
Offer and acceptance messages;
Delivery arrangements;
Screenshots showing the account disappeared or blocked the victim.

B. Communication Evidence

Carousell messages;
SMS messages;
Messenger, Viber, Telegram, WhatsApp, or email exchanges;
Phone numbers used;
Call logs;
Voice notes, if any;
Emails and headers, if available;
Screenshots of deleted or edited messages, if captured;
Threats or admissions;
Excuses after payment.

C. Payment Evidence

GCash receipt;
Maya receipt;
Bank transfer confirmation;
Deposit slip;
Remittance receipt;
Transaction reference number;
Account name;
Account number or mobile number;
Amount sent;
Date and time of transfer;
QR code used;
Screenshot of payment instructions;
Bank or wallet complaint ticket number.

D. Delivery Evidence

Courier booking;
Tracking number;
Waybill;
Rider details, if available;
Delivery screenshots;
Proof of pickup;
Proof of delivery;
Photos or video of parcel opening;
Item received;
Packaging, labels, and sender details.

E. Identity Evidence

Name used by the scammer;
Claimed address;
Claimed company or shop;
ID sent by the scammer, if any;
Selfie or video call screenshot, if lawfully captured;
Social media profile links;
Other victims’ reports;
Posts showing same item sold repeatedly;
Evidence that photos were stolen from another source;
Evidence that the account impersonated another person.

F. Victim’s Own Evidence

Valid government ID;
Proof of ownership of payment account;
Proof that the victim sent money;
Proof that the victim owned the item released to the buyer;
Receipts for the item lost;
Original product value;
Screenshot of complaint to Carousell;
Screenshots of bank/e-wallet reports.

VII. Reporting the Scam to Carousell

The first practical step is to report the user or listing within Carousell.

A. Why Report to Carousell?

A platform report may:

Preserve account information internally;
Lead to account suspension;
Prevent further victimization;
Help document that the victim acted promptly;
Support later investigation;
Provide complaint reference numbers;
Trigger platform safety procedures.

B. What to Include in the Carousell Report

The report should include:

Username of the scammer;
Listing involved;
Transaction date;
Amount involved;
Payment method;
Short explanation of the scam;
Screenshots of messages;
Proof of payment;
Tracking or delivery evidence;
Any threats or fake receipts.

C. Important Limitation

Reporting to Carousell is not the same as filing a criminal complaint. Carousell may suspend accounts or assist through platform channels, but police, prosecutors, and courts handle criminal liability. A victim who lost money or property should consider formal reporting to law enforcement or cybercrime authorities.

VIII. Contacting the Bank or E-Wallet Provider

If payment was sent through a bank, GCash, Maya, remittance center, or other financial channel, report immediately.

A. Why This Matters

Fast reporting may help:

Flag the recipient account;
Preserve transaction records;
Support possible account freezing or investigation;
Prevent further transfers;
Create a complaint reference number;
Help law enforcement trace the recipient.

B. What to Provide

Give the bank or e-wallet provider:

Transaction reference number;
Date and time of transfer;
Amount;
Recipient name;
Recipient number or account;
Screenshots of scam conversation;
Proof of payment;
Police report or complaint reference, if already available.

C. Can the Money Be Reversed?

Recovery is not guaranteed. Many transfers are treated as authorized transactions if the victim voluntarily sent the money. However, quick reporting may still help trace or restrict suspicious accounts. The victim should not delay.

IX. Filing a Complaint With the PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group

Because Carousell scams are usually committed online, the PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group is a common complaint channel.

A. When to Go to PNP Cybercrime

Report to PNP cybercrime if:

The scam occurred through Carousell or online messaging;
Fake digital proof of payment was used;
Payment was sent through online banking or e-wallet;
The scammer used fake profiles;
The scammer threatened or harassed the victim online;
The scam involved phishing;
The scammer hacked or took over an account;
Multiple victims appear involved.

B. What to Bring

Prepare:

Valid ID;
Printed screenshots;
Digital copies of screenshots;
Proof of payment;
Carousell profile and listing link;
Chat history;
Phone numbers and account names;
Timeline of events;
Bank or e-wallet complaint reference number;
Draft complaint-affidavit, if available.

C. What May Happen

The PNP may:

Receive the complaint;
Ask for an affidavit;
Examine digital evidence;
Refer the complaint for investigation;
Coordinate with platforms or financial institutions;
Assist in preparing a case for prosecution.

X. Filing a Complaint With the NBI Cybercrime Division

The NBI Cybercrime Division may also handle online marketplace scams.

A. When NBI May Be Appropriate

Consider NBI when:

The amount is substantial;
The scam appears organized;
There are multiple victims;
The scammer used fake websites or phishing pages;
The scammer used several identities;
There is identity theft;
The scam involves account takeover;
The victim needs cybercrime investigation support.

B. Documents to Prepare

Bring the same evidence as for PNP:

Valid ID;
Screenshots;
Carousell listing and profile links;
Payment records;
Chat logs;
Delivery records;
Scammer’s account details;
Written narrative;
Complaint-affidavit, if available.

XI. Filing With the Prosecutor’s Office

A criminal complaint for estafa or related offenses may be filed before the prosecutor’s office, typically through a complaint-affidavit with supporting evidence.

A. What the Prosecutor Looks For

The prosecutor evaluates whether there is probable cause to charge the respondent in court.

The complaint should establish:

Identity or traceable details of respondent;
False representation or deceit;
Victim’s reliance on the deceit;
Payment or delivery of property;
Damage suffered;
Supporting documents.

B. If the Scammer’s Real Name Is Unknown

A complaint may still begin with available identifiers:

Carousell username;
Phone number;
E-wallet number;
Bank account name;
Social media account;
Email address;
Courier records;
Claimed address.

Law enforcement may help identify the person behind the account. However, prosecutors generally need enough information to proceed against an identifiable respondent.

C. Complaint-Affidavit

The complaint-affidavit is central. It should be sworn, factual, complete, and supported by attachments.

XII. Barangay Complaint: Is It Required?

Some disputes between individuals may go through barangay conciliation if the parties live in the same city or municipality and the offense is covered by barangay conciliation rules.

However, many Carousell scams involve unknown persons, different cities, online fraud, cybercrime, or offenses punishable beyond barangay jurisdiction. In such cases, direct police, cybercrime, or prosecutor action may be appropriate.

If both parties are known and live in the same locality, barangay proceedings may be required for certain disputes before court filing. If the matter involves cybercrime, serious fraud, unknown suspects, or urgent preservation of digital evidence, victims should not rely solely on barangay action.

XIII. Department of Trade and Industry Complaints

The DTI may be relevant if the seller is a business or online merchant engaged in trade.

A. When DTI May Help

Consider a DTI complaint if:

The seller operates as an online store;
The seller regularly sells goods to the public;
The issue involves defective goods;
The issue involves deceptive product description;
The issue involves false advertising;
The seller refuses refund, replacement, or warranty obligations;
The seller is identifiable as a business.

B. Limitation

If the scammer is a private individual using a fake identity and simply disappeared after receiving payment, law enforcement or cybercrime channels may be more appropriate than consumer mediation.

XIV. National Privacy Commission Complaints

File with the National Privacy Commission if the scam involved misuse of personal information.

A. Examples of Privacy Issues

Scammer collected your ID and used it for another purpose;
Scammer posted your personal data online;
Scammer threatened to expose your address or phone number;
Scammer used your photos to impersonate you;
Your Carousell account was hacked and personal information was taken;
Scammer used your personal data to scam others.

B. Evidence Needed

Prepare:

Screenshots of data collected;
Fake accounts using your identity;
Posts containing personal data;
Messages threatening disclosure;
Proof that you own the affected account;
Evidence of harm or unauthorized use.

XV. If the Scam Involves Counterfeit Goods

If the seller sold counterfeit luxury items, branded shoes, watches, cosmetics, electronics, or other protected goods, several legal issues may arise.

Possible remedies include:

Complaint for fraud if sold as authentic;
Consumer complaint if seller is a business;
Intellectual property complaint by the brand owner;
Civil action for refund or damages;
Platform report for counterfeit goods.

A buyer should preserve:

Listing claiming authenticity;
Seller’s representations;
Photos of the item;
Expert authentication result, if available;
Receipts and packaging;
Comparison with genuine product;
Payment proof.

XVI. If the Scam Involves Tickets

Ticket scams are common for concerts, sports events, conventions, and travel.

Evidence should include:

Listing for the ticket;
Seat number or ticket code;
Seller representations;
Proof of payment;
Ticket file or screenshot;
Proof that the ticket was invalid, duplicated, or already used;
Event organizer verification, if available;
Messages after the ticket failed.

The complaint may involve estafa, online fraud, or related offenses.

XVII. If the Scam Involves Gadgets

Gadget scams commonly involve phones, laptops, cameras, gaming consoles, tablets, and accessories.

Common issues:

Non-delivery after payment;
Stolen phone sold to buyer;
Fake payment screenshot used by buyer;
Defective item misrepresented as working;
Wrong model delivered;
Locked device sold without disclosure;
Fake Apple, Samsung, or other brand items;
Device under installment or blacklisted.

Evidence should include:

Listing;
Serial number or IMEI, if provided;
Photos and videos;
Chat representations;
Payment proof;
Delivery records;
Technical diagnosis, if item is defective;
Police report if item is stolen.

XVIII. If the Scam Involves Vehicles or Motorcycles

Carousell may also be used for vehicle-related transactions. Vehicle scams can involve reservations, down payments, fake documents, or misrepresented ownership.

Warning signs:

Seller asks for reservation fee before viewing;
OR/CR documents appear fake;
Seller refuses meet-up or inspection;
Seller is not the registered owner;
Vehicle has encumbrance not disclosed;
Vehicle is carnapped or has alarm;
Odometer, condition, or accident history is misrepresented;
Buyer uses fake manager’s check or transfer proof.

Evidence should include:

Listing;
Plate number;
OR/CR copies;
Deed of sale draft;
Payment records;
Messages;
Identity of seller;
Inspection report;
LTO verification, if available;
Police report if carnapping or falsification is suspected.

XIX. If the Scam Involves Meet-Ups

Some Carousell scams happen during meet-ups.

Examples:

Buyer grabs item and runs;
Fake cash is used;
Seller gives defective item and disappears;
Robbery occurs during meet-up;
Buyer pays with fake transfer screenshot;
Group intimidation is used.

For meet-up incidents:

Prioritize personal safety.
Report immediately to local police if theft, robbery, or threats occurred.
Identify CCTV locations.
Preserve chat arranging meet-up.
Get witness names.
Keep proof of ownership of item.
Ask nearby establishments to preserve CCTV as soon as possible.

XX. If You Were the Seller and Received Fake Payment Proof

A common scam targets sellers. The buyer sends a fake screenshot and pressures the seller to release the item quickly.

Legal response:

Confirm whether funds actually entered your account.
Preserve the fake proof of payment.
Preserve messages pressuring release.
Preserve courier pickup details.
Contact courier if the item is still in transit.
Report to bank or e-wallet provider.
Report to Carousell.
File a police or cybercrime complaint.
Include item value and proof of ownership.
Include proof that no actual payment was received.

A screenshot is not payment. Sellers should verify actual credited funds before releasing goods.

XXI. If You Were the Buyer and the Seller Did Not Deliver

A buyer should establish that payment was made based on the seller’s promise to deliver.

Key proof:

Listing showing item and price;
Seller’s agreement to sell;
Payment instructions from seller;
Proof of payment;
Seller’s promise to ship;
Failure to ship;
Fake tracking or excuses;
Blocking or disappearance;
Other victims, if any.

The strongest fraud cases show that the seller never intended to deliver or used false representations to obtain payment.

XXII. If You Received a Different or Defective Item

This may be fraud, breach of agreement, or consumer dispute depending on the facts.

Steps:

Take a video while opening the parcel, if possible.
Photograph the item received.
Compare it to the listing.
Preserve packaging and waybill.
Ask seller for refund or explanation.
Report to Carousell.
File complaint if seller intentionally misrepresented the item.
Obtain technical or authenticity report if needed.

If the seller merely disputes condition or warranty, the case may be civil or consumer-related. If the seller intentionally sent a worthless or different item, fraud may be alleged.

XXIII. If the Scammer Deleted the Listing or Account

Deletion does not end the case.

Useful evidence may still include:

Screenshots taken before deletion;
Carousell chat history;
Email notifications;
Browser history;
Payment account details;
Phone number;
Courier records;
Other victims’ screenshots;
Platform report reference number;
Bank or e-wallet records.

Report the deletion to Carousell and law enforcement. Platforms may have internal records even if the public listing is no longer visible.

XXIV. If the Scammer Used a Fake Name

Many scammers use aliases. A complaint can still be filed using available identifiers.

Useful identifiers:

Carousell username;
Profile URL;
Phone number;
E-wallet number;
Bank account name;
Courier sender or recipient details;
IP or platform records, through lawful request;
Social media account;
Email address;
Claimed address.

Law enforcement may request information from platforms or financial institutions through proper legal channels.

XXV. If Multiple Victims Are Involved

Multiple victims strengthen the showing of a scheme.

Victims should coordinate by collecting:

Same username;
Same listing photos;
Same phone number;
Same bank or e-wallet account;
Same fake ID;
Same excuses;
Same courier method;
Same item listed repeatedly;
Same account names;
Same timeline.

Each victim should still prepare their own statement, proof of payment, and evidence of loss. A group complaint may be useful, but individual evidence remains important.

XXVI. Can You Post the Scammer Online?

Victims often want to post warnings. This may help others, but it carries legal risk if the post contains unverified accusations, insults, private information, or defamatory statements.

Safer public warning style:

Stick to verifiable facts.
Avoid threats.
Avoid posting private IDs or addresses unless legally justified.
Do not invent details.
Use words like “I filed a complaint” rather than declaring guilt before official findings.
Blur sensitive personal information.
Preserve evidence privately for authorities.

A factual warning such as “This account received payment from me on this date and did not deliver; I have reported it to Carousell and authorities” is safer than abusive or speculative accusations.

XXVII. Can You Recover the Money or Item?

Recovery depends on speed, traceability, and whether the scammer or account can be identified.

Possible recovery routes:

Voluntary refund after demand;
Bank or e-wallet investigation;
Return of item through courier interception;
Settlement during investigation;
Restitution through criminal case;
Civil action for sum of money or damages;
Small claims case in proper situations;
Enforcement of judgment.

For low-value scams, practical recovery may be difficult, but reporting may still prevent further scams and create a record for future enforcement.

XXVIII. Demand Letter Before Complaint

A demand letter is not always required, but it can be useful.

It may show:

The victim demanded delivery or refund;
The other party refused or ignored the demand;
The victim gave a chance to resolve;
The failure was not merely misunderstanding.

However, if the scammer is unknown, violent, threatening, or actively deleting evidence, the victim may proceed directly to reporting.

Sample Demand Message

This is a formal demand regarding our Carousell transaction for __________________ in the amount of PHP __________________.

I paid/sent/delivered __________________ on __________________ based on your representation that __________________. Despite this, you failed to deliver the item / failed to pay / sent a fake proof of payment / sent a different item.

Please refund PHP __________________ / return the item / complete delivery within ____ days from receipt of this message.

If you fail to do so, I will proceed with reports to Carousell, my bank/e-wallet provider, and the proper authorities, including law enforcement and cybercrime offices, without further notice.

This message is sent without waiver of my rights and remedies.

XXIX. Complaint-Affidavit Template for Carousell Scam

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES ) ___________________________ ) S.S.

COMPLAINT-AFFIDAVIT

I, __________________, Filipino, of legal age, with address at __________________, after being duly sworn, state:

I am the complainant in this case.
On or about __________________, I saw a listing on Carousell for __________________ posted by a user with the username/display name __________________.
The listing represented that __________________. A copy/screenshot of the listing is attached as Annex “A.”
I communicated with the said user through Carousell chat and/or __________________. Screenshots of our conversation are attached as Annex “B.”
The said user represented that he/she would __________________ upon my payment/delivery of __________________.
Relying on said representation, I paid/sent/delivered __________________ on __________________ through __________________. Proof of payment/delivery is attached as Annex “C.”
After receiving my payment/item, the said user failed to deliver the item / failed to pay / sent a fake proof of payment / blocked me / deleted the listing / provided a fake tracking number / gave repeated excuses.
I later discovered that __________________.
Because of the foregoing acts, I suffered damage in the amount of PHP __________________, exclusive of other expenses and damages.
I am executing this Complaint-Affidavit to attest to the truth of the foregoing and to support the filing of appropriate criminal, civil, administrative, or other legal action against the responsible person/s.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have signed this Complaint-Affidavit this ___ day of ____________ 20___ in __________________.

Affiant

SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN to before me this ___ day of ____________ 20___ in __________________, affiant exhibiting competent proof of identity: __________________.

XXX. Sample Complaint Letter to Carousell

Subject: Report of Scam Transaction on Carousell

I am reporting a scam transaction involving the Carousell user __________________ with profile/listing link: __________________.

Transaction details:

Item: __________________ Amount: PHP __________________ Date of transaction: __________________ Payment method: __________________ Payment account used: __________________ Carousell chat link or reference: __________________

Summary:

On __________________, I transacted with the user for __________________. I paid/sent/delivered __________________ based on the user’s representation that __________________. After payment/delivery, the user failed to deliver/pay, sent fake proof, blocked me, deleted the listing, or otherwise refused to complete the transaction.

Attached are screenshots of the listing, chat messages, payment proof, delivery proof, and other evidence.

I request that Carousell investigate the account, preserve relevant records, take appropriate platform action, and provide any available assistance for my complaint with the authorities.

Name: __________________ Contact details: __________________

XXXI. Sample Letter to Bank or E-Wallet Provider

Subject: Urgent Report of Fraudulent Transaction

I respectfully report a fraudulent transaction connected to an online marketplace scam.

Transaction details:

Sender account/name: __________________ Recipient account/name/number: __________________ Amount: PHP __________________ Date and time: __________________ Reference number: __________________ Platform involved: Carousell Nature of scam: __________________

I sent the payment based on a Carousell transaction for __________________. After receiving payment, the recipient failed to deliver the item / blocked me / deleted the listing / used false representations.

Attached are screenshots of the transaction, Carousell conversation, listing, and proof of payment.

I request that the transaction and recipient account be investigated, flagged, and preserved for proper legal action. Please provide a complaint or ticket reference number.

Name: __________________ Contact details: __________________

XXXII. Sample Cybercrime Complaint Narrative

I am filing this complaint regarding an online scam committed through Carousell and related electronic communications.

On __________________, I saw a Carousell listing for __________________ posted by user __________________. The listing price was PHP __________________.

I contacted the user through __________________. The user instructed me to pay/send/deliver __________________ through __________________. Relying on the user’s representations, I paid/sent/delivered __________________ on __________________.

After receiving my payment/item, the user __________________. I later discovered that __________________.

The transaction was conducted through online messages and digital payment/delivery channels. Attached are screenshots of the listing, chat messages, payment proof, delivery records, profile link, phone numbers, and other relevant evidence.

I respectfully request investigation for online fraud, estafa, cybercrime-related offenses, and other applicable violations.

XXXIII. Annex List for Complaint

A well-organized complaint should label attachments.

Example:

Annex A — Screenshot of Carousell listing;
Annex B — Screenshot of seller/buyer profile;
Annex C — Carousell chat screenshots;
Annex D — Messenger/SMS/Viber/Telegram screenshots;
Annex E — Proof of payment;
Annex F — Bank or e-wallet transaction record;
Annex G — Fake proof of payment, if applicable;
Annex H — Courier booking or waybill;
Annex I — Photos of item received or item lost;
Annex J — Demand message;
Annex K — Carousell report confirmation;
Annex L — Bank/e-wallet complaint reference;
Annex M — Other victims’ screenshots, if any.

XXXIV. Practical Filing Checklist

Before going to authorities, prepare:

Valid government ID;
Printed complaint-affidavit or written narrative;
Screenshots of listing;
Screenshots of profile;
Screenshots of messages;
Payment receipt or transaction record;
Recipient account details;
Phone number and email used;
Delivery records;
Photos or videos of item received, if any;
Proof of value of lost item or money;
Bank/e-wallet complaint reference;
Carousell complaint reference;
Names of witnesses;
USB drive or digital copy of evidence, if accepted;
Chronological timeline.

XXXV. Practical Timeline of Action

Within the First Hour

Stop communicating if the scammer asks for more money or sensitive data.
Screenshot everything.
Save listing and profile links.
Report to Carousell.
Contact bank or e-wallet provider.
Try to intercept courier delivery if item is in transit.

Within the Same Day

Organize evidence.
Prepare timeline.
Report to PNP or NBI cybercrime if appropriate.
Notify affected accounts or platforms.
Secure passwords if phishing is involved.
Warn contacts if identity theft occurred.

Within the Following Days

Prepare complaint-affidavit.
File with prosecutor if advised or appropriate.
Follow up with Carousell and financial provider.
Coordinate with other victims.
Preserve all reference numbers.
Consult counsel for larger-value claims.

XXXVI. How to Avoid Weak Complaints

A complaint becomes weak when it lacks detail. Avoid saying only:

“I was scammed on Carousell.”

Instead, include:

Exact date of listing;
Username;
Item;
Amount;
Representations made;
Payment method;
Account number;
What happened after payment;
Evidence attached;
Amount of damage.

The stronger the timeline and documentation, the more useful the complaint becomes.

XXXVII. Common Defenses Raised by Alleged Scammers

An accused party may claim:

It was only a courier delay;
The item was shipped;
The buyer changed their mind;
The payment was not received;
The account was hacked;
Someone else used their name;
The item was sold “as is”;
The buyer failed to inspect the item;
The screenshot was misunderstood;
The transaction was a civil dispute, not a crime.

The complainant should prepare evidence to answer these defenses. For example, if the seller claims shipment, ask for valid tracking. If the buyer claims payment, verify actual bank credit. If the account was allegedly hacked, preserve messages and payment-account details showing who benefited.

XXXVIII. Civil Case or Small Claims

For recovery of money, a civil case or small claims action may be considered, especially where the respondent is identifiable.

Small claims may be useful when:

The amount is within the applicable small claims jurisdiction;
The issue is recovery of money;
The respondent’s real identity and address are known;
Evidence is documentary;
The victim wants a money judgment.

However, small claims may not be effective if the scammer’s identity or address is unknown. Criminal and cybercrime reporting may be needed first.

XXXIX. If the Victim Is a Minor

If a minor was scammed, a parent or guardian should assist in filing the complaint. The complaint should protect the minor’s personal information.

If the scam involved exploitation, threats, sexual content, or coercion involving a minor, urgent police or cybercrime assistance should be sought.

XL. If the Victim Is an OFW or Abroad

An OFW or Filipino abroad may still preserve evidence and authorize a representative in the Philippines.

Practical steps:

Save all digital evidence.
Contact bank or e-wallet provider.
Report to Carousell.
Execute a sworn statement before the Philippine embassy or consulate if needed.
Authorize a trusted representative through a Special Power of Attorney.
Coordinate with PNP/NBI cybercrime or prosecutor’s office.
Keep original electronic evidence accessible.

XLI. If the Scammer Is Abroad

If the scammer appears to be outside the Philippines, local authorities may still receive the complaint, especially if the victim is in the Philippines or the transaction used Philippine accounts.

However, enforcement may be more difficult. Useful evidence includes:

Foreign phone numbers;
Overseas remittance details;
International shipping records;
Platform account details;
Email headers;
Bank or wallet information;
Passport or foreign ID used, if any;
Other victims in the Philippines.

XLII. Preventive Measures for Buyers

Buyers should:

Check seller ratings and account age.
Beware of prices that are too low.
Use safe payment options where available.
Avoid full payment to unverified sellers.
Ask for current photos or video of item.
Ask for proof of ownership.
Use meet-up for high-value items when safe.
Meet in public places.
Verify item before paying.
Avoid payment to unrelated names.
Avoid sellers who rush payment.
Beware of sellers refusing video calls for high-value goods.
Avoid deals moved off-platform too quickly.
Save all conversations.
Use tracked delivery.

XLIII. Preventive Measures for Sellers

Sellers should:

Verify that payment is actually credited.
Do not rely on screenshots.
Avoid releasing items before confirmed payment.
Use tracked courier services.
Document item condition before shipping.
Photograph or video packing process.
Be wary of overpayment scams.
Avoid clicking buyer-provided payment links.
Do not provide OTPs or account login details.
Use public meet-up locations.
Beware of fake riders or agents.
Keep proof of item ownership and value.
Check buyer ratings.
Avoid unusual refund requests.
Confirm identity for high-value transactions.

XLIV. Red Flags of Carousell Scams

Warning signs include:

Price is far below market value.
Account is newly created.
Seller refuses meet-up for expensive item.
Seller uses stolen or stock photos.
Buyer sends screenshot but money is not credited.
Seller asks for deposit immediately.
Payment account name differs from seller name.
Seller refuses to answer basic questions.
Buyer sends suspicious links.
Buyer asks for OTP.
Seller gives inconsistent stories.
Seller claims many buyers are waiting.
Seller becomes aggressive when asked for proof.
Courier tracking number is invalid.
Account disappears after payment.

XLV. Frequently Asked Questions

1. Where do I report a Carousell scam in the Philippines?

Report first to Carousell through the platform. If money or property was lost, report to PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group, NBI Cybercrime Division, local police, or the prosecutor’s office. If personal data was misused, consider the National Privacy Commission. If the seller is a business, a consumer complaint may also be considered.

2. Is a Carousell scam estafa?

It may be estafa if there was deceit, reliance, and damage. For example, taking payment for a nonexistent item or using fake proof of payment to obtain goods may support an estafa complaint.

3. What if I only know the scammer’s username?

You may still report using the username, profile link, phone number, payment account, and other identifiers. Law enforcement may use proper channels to identify the person behind the account.

4. Can I recover my money from GCash, Maya, or my bank?

Recovery is not guaranteed, especially if the transfer was authorized by you. Still, report immediately so the account can be flagged and records preserved.

5. Should I file with barangay first?

It depends. If both parties are known and live in the same locality, barangay conciliation may apply to certain disputes. But for online scams, unknown suspects, cybercrime, or urgent digital evidence preservation, police or cybercrime reporting may be more appropriate.

6. What if the seller says it is only a delivery delay?

Ask for valid proof of shipment, tracking, waybill, and courier confirmation. If the seller cannot provide proof and blocks you after payment, that supports your complaint.

7. What if the buyer sent a fake payment screenshot?

Verify with your bank or wallet. If no funds were received and the buyer used the screenshot to obtain your item, preserve the screenshot and file a complaint.

8. Can I post the scammer’s face and ID online?

Be careful. Posting personal information may expose you to privacy or defamation issues. It is safer to submit full evidence to authorities and make only factual, limited public warnings if necessary.

9. What if the amount is small?

You may still report. Small scams often involve multiple victims. Your complaint may help establish a pattern.

10. Do I need a lawyer?

A lawyer is helpful, especially for high-value scams, multiple victims, or complex evidence. For many complaints, victims may first approach police, cybercrime offices, or the prosecutor’s office and ask about requirements.

XLVI. Conclusion

A Carousell scam in the Philippines may be more than a failed online transaction. It may involve estafa, cybercrime, falsification, identity theft, data privacy violations, consumer protection issues, or civil liability. The victim’s strongest protection is immediate documentation.

The practical sequence is clear: preserve evidence, report the user to Carousell, notify the bank or e-wallet provider, file with cybercrime authorities or police when money or property was lost, and prepare a sworn complaint if criminal prosecution is pursued. If personal data was misused, the National Privacy Commission may also be involved. If the seller is a business, consumer remedies may be considered.

The complaint should be factual, chronological, and supported by screenshots, payment records, profile links, delivery records, and a clear explanation of the damage suffered. Even if recovery is uncertain, reporting helps authorities trace repeat scammers, protect other users, and build accountability for online marketplace fraud.