Online harassment can feel urgent, personal, and hard to stop because the abuse may continue 24/7 through fake accounts, group chats, screenshots, edited photos, threats, doxxing, or repeated messages. In the Philippines, there is no single “online harassment law” that covers every situation. Instead, protection usually comes from a combination of criminal laws, cybercrime procedures, barangay or court protection orders in specific cases, workplace or school remedies, data privacy complaints, and platform reporting. The right route depends on what the harasser did, who the harasser is, whether there are threats or sexual content, whether a child is involved, and whether you need immediate physical protection.
What Counts as Online Harassment in the Philippines?
Online harassment is a broad practical term. Legally, the case may fall under different Philippine laws depending on the act.
Common examples include:
- Repeated unwanted messages, calls, tags, comments, or direct messages
- Threats to hurt you, expose private information, or damage your reputation
- Cyberstalking or using fake accounts to monitor or intimidate you
- Posting lies, insults, or accusations about you online
- Impersonating you or making fake accounts in your name
- Sharing your address, phone number, workplace, school, family details, or private photos
- Uploading intimate photos, videos, voice recordings, or sexual content without consent
- Harassing someone because of sex, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or expression
- Using hacked accounts, stolen passwords, or private messages to intimidate someone
- Online abuse involving a child, grooming, sexual exploitation, or child sexual abuse material
The first practical question is not “What is the exact case title?” but what kind of harm is happening and what protection is needed now.
For example:
| Situation | Possible legal route |
|---|---|
| Ex-partner threatens a woman online and also has a history of physical, sexual, psychological, or economic abuse | RA 9262 protection order, plus criminal complaint if applicable |
| Stranger sends repeated misogynistic, homophobic, sexist, or sexual messages | Safe Spaces Act complaint; possible cybercrime complaint |
| Someone posts edited sexual images or private intimate content | Safe Spaces Act, RA 9995, cybercrime complaint, platform takedown |
| Fake account uses your identity to scam or shame you | Cybercrime complaint for identity theft or related offenses |
| Debt collector posts your face, contacts, or employer online | Data Privacy Act complaint, possible cybercrime/criminal complaint |
| Minor is being groomed, threatened, or sexually exploited online | RA 11930, immediate report to law enforcement and child protection authorities |
| Coworker harasses you through chat, email, or work platforms | Safe Spaces Act workplace process, company CODI/HR, possible criminal complaint |
Main Philippine Laws That May Protect You
Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012: RA 10175
The Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, or Republic Act No. 10175, covers offenses committed through computer systems, mobile phones, social media, email, messaging apps, and similar ICT systems.
For online harassment, the most relevant provisions often include:
- Illegal access — entering an account, device, or system without authority
- Illegal interception — unlawfully intercepting non-public computer data
- Data interference — deleting, damaging, altering, or deteriorating computer data without right
- System interference — interfering with computer systems or networks
- Computer-related identity theft — intentionally acquiring, using, misusing, transferring, possessing, altering, or deleting identifying information belonging to another without right
- Cyberlibel — libel under Article 355 of the Revised Penal Code committed through a computer system
- ICT-related crimes under other laws — RA 10175 Section 6 may apply when crimes under the Revised Penal Code or special laws are committed through information and communications technology
The law also provides that the NBI and PNP are responsible for enforcing RA 10175 and must maintain cybercrime units or centers for these cases.
Safe Spaces Act: RA 11313
The Safe Spaces Act and its IRR, or Republic Act No. 11313, is highly relevant when the online harassment is gender-based.
Gender-based online sexual harassment includes acts using ICT to terrorize or intimidate victims through:
- Physical, psychological, or emotional threats
- Unwanted sexual, misogynistic, transphobic, homophobic, or sexist remarks
- Cyberstalking and incessant messaging
- Uploading or sharing sexual photos, voice recordings, or videos without consent
- Unauthorized recording or sharing of photos, videos, or information online
- Impersonating identities or posting lies to harm reputation
- Filing false abuse reports to online platforms to silence victims
The Safe Spaces Act is important because it does not only cover traditional “sexual favors” situations. It covers online behavior, workplace behavior, school-related conduct, and harassment between peers.
Under the IRR, the PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group receives complaints for gender-based online sexual harassment, while the DOJ leads in protocols and standards for evidence gathering and case build-up.
Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act of 2009: RA 9995
The Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act of 2009, or Republic Act No. 9995, applies when someone takes, copies, reproduces, sells, distributes, publishes, broadcasts, shows, or exhibits certain private sexual photos or videos without consent.
A crucial point: even if a person originally consented to recording, that does not automatically mean they consented to copying, distributing, posting, or showing the recording.
RA 9995 may apply to:
- Revenge porn
- Threats to leak intimate videos
- Sharing screenshots from private sexual video calls
- Hidden-camera recordings
- Uploading intimate media to group chats, websites, or social media
Anti-VAWC Act: RA 9262 Protection Orders
The Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act, or Republic Act No. 9262, is one of the strongest protection tools in Philippine law, but it applies only to specific relationships and victims.
RA 9262 protects women and their children from violence committed by:
- A husband or former husband
- A man with whom the woman has or had a sexual or dating relationship
- A man with whom the woman has a common child
- A person with whom the woman has or had a sexual or dating relationship, depending on the facts and applicable jurisprudence
Online harassment by an abusive partner or ex-partner may be part of psychological violence, especially when it involves threats, intimidation, public humiliation, stalking, controlling behavior, or harassment that causes emotional suffering.
RA 9262 allows protection orders, including:
| Protection order | Who issues it | Typical duration | Practical use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barangay Protection Order (BPO) | Punong Barangay or available Barangay Kagawad | 15 days | Immediate barangay-level order to stop acts under Section 5(a) and 5(b) |
| Temporary Protection Order (TPO) | Court | 30 days, extendible | Urgent court protection while the case is pending |
| Permanent Protection Order (PPO) | Court after notice and hearing | Until revoked by court | Longer-term protection |
A BPO may be issued on the date of filing after ex parte determination, meaning the respondent does not need to be present before it is initially issued. A TPO may also be issued by the court on the date of filing after ex parte determination. Court-issued TPOs and PPOs are enforceable anywhere in the Philippines.
Important limitation: a barangay cannot issue a general “cyber harassment protection order” for every online harassment case. BPOs are specifically under RA 9262 and are limited by the law. For non-VAWC online harassment, the barangay can make a blotter, assist you, or refer you, but the stronger legal route is usually PNP/NBI, prosecutor’s office, court, school, workplace, or the National Privacy Commission depending on the facts.
Anti-OSAEC and Anti-CSAEM Act: RA 11930
If a child is involved, the case becomes more urgent. The Anti-Online Sexual Abuse or Exploitation of Children and Anti-Child Sexual Abuse or Exploitation Materials Act, or Republic Act No. 11930, protects children from online sexual abuse, exploitation, grooming, coercion, and child sexual abuse or exploitation materials.
A child generally means a person below 18, and the law also covers certain persons over 18 who cannot fully protect themselves due to disability or condition. RA 11930 also recognizes that in self-generated child sexual abuse materials, the child is treated as a victim, not an offender.
Report child-related online sexual abuse immediately to law enforcement and child protection authorities, including the PNP, NBI, local social welfare office, and the MAKABATA Helpline 1383.
Data Privacy Act of 2012: RA 10173
The Data Privacy Act of 2012, or Republic Act No. 10173, may apply when the harassment involves misuse of personal information.
This is common in:
- Doxxing
- Posting someone’s address, ID, phone number, employer, medical details, school, or family information
- Online lending app harassment
- Unauthorized sharing of photos, videos, contact lists, or private records
- Using personal data to shame, threaten, or pressure someone
The National Privacy Commission complaint process allows data subjects, authorized representatives, and the NPC itself to file or act on privacy complaints. The NPC requires a notarized complaint-assisted form or verified complaint, evidence, and witnesses’ affidavits. It states that the Complaints and Investigation Division has 30 calendar days to give due course or dismiss a complaint without prejudice, and that the process up to final adjudication may take around 10 to 12 months.
Revised Penal Code and Civil Code Remedies
Some online acts may also fall under the Revised Penal Code, especially when committed through ICT:
- Grave threats under Article 282
- Light threats under Article 283
- Grave coercions under Article 286
- Unjust vexation under Article 287
- Libel under Articles 353 and 355 when defamatory statements are published
- Other crimes depending on the act, such as extortion, alarms and scandals, falsification, or coercion
Civil remedies may also be available. Articles 19, 20, 21, and 26 of the Civil Code are commonly relevant where a person abuses rights, violates law, causes injury contrary to morals or public policy, or invades another person’s dignity, privacy, peace of mind, family relations, or personal life.
Civil cases are usually slower and more expensive than filing a criminal complaint, but they may be useful when the goal includes damages, injunction, or accountability for reputational, emotional, or financial harm.
What To Do First: A Practical Step-by-Step Guide
1. Check if there is immediate danger
Treat the situation as urgent if the harasser:
- Knows your home, work, or school address
- Threatens physical harm
- Threatens to come to your location
- Threatens your child or family
- Has a history of violence
- Is an intimate partner or ex-partner
- Has weapons or access to you
- Is demanding money, sex, silence, or compliance
For immediate physical danger, go to the nearest police station, barangay, or Women and Children Protection Desk if applicable. If the case involves a woman and child under RA 9262, ask about a BPO, TPO, or PPO. If a child is involved, contact the local social welfare office and child protection authorities.
2. Preserve evidence before blocking or deleting
Many victims understandably want to delete everything immediately. But for legal action, evidence is often the heart of the case.
Preserve:
- Screenshots showing the account name, profile URL, post URL, date, time, and full message thread
- Screen recordings showing how to reach the post or account
- Links to posts, comments, profiles, videos, images, and group chats
- Original files, not only forwarded screenshots
- Email headers, if harassment is by email
- Phone numbers, caller IDs, SMS logs, Viber/WhatsApp/Telegram usernames
- Names and contact details of witnesses
- Proof of harm, such as missed work, panic attacks, school reports, HR complaints, medical records, or threats to your employer or family
Use a simple evidence log:
| Date/time | Platform | Account/number | What happened | Link or file name | Witness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. 10, 8:43 PM | Facebook Messenger | “Juan D.” | Threatened to post private photos | screenshot_001.png | Maria S. |
| Jan. 11, 9:12 AM | TikTok | @fakeaccount | Posted edited video | URL saved | Carlo R. |
Keep the evidence in at least two places: one device and one cloud folder or external drive. Do not edit the screenshots except to make duplicate copies for printing.
3. Report the content to the platform, but do not rely only on platform reporting
Report the post or account to Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, X, YouTube, Gmail, Telegram, Viber, or the relevant platform. Use categories like harassment, impersonation, non-consensual intimate image, hate, threats, doxxing, or child sexual exploitation.
Platform takedown can be fast, but it does not replace a legal complaint. Platforms may remove the content but not identify the perpetrator to you directly. Law enforcement may need preservation requests, warrants, subpoenas, or formal coordination to identify account owners or obtain data.
4. File with the proper office
Choose the office based on your situation:
| Where to go | Best for | What to prepare |
|---|---|---|
| Nearest police station | Immediate threats, safety risk, blotter, referral | ID, screenshots, links, name of suspect if known |
| PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group | Cybercrime, fake accounts, online threats, identity theft, Safe Spaces online complaints | Complaint narrative, evidence, URLs, device if needed |
| NBI Cybercrime Division | Cybercrime investigation and technical evidence | ID, sworn statement or affidavit, evidence, device if relevant |
| Prosecutor’s Office | Filing criminal complaint for preliminary investigation | Complaint-affidavit, evidence, witness affidavits |
| Barangay | VAWC BPO, blotter, local assistance | ID, proof of relationship, screenshots, threat details |
| Family Court/RTC | TPO/PPO under RA 9262 | Verified application, evidence, witness affidavits, proof of relationship |
| National Privacy Commission | Doxxing or misuse of personal data | Notarized complaint-assisted form or verified complaint, evidence |
| HR/CODI | Workplace gender-based harassment | Screenshots, emails/chats, incident report |
| School office/CODI/discipline office | Student-related harassment or cyberbullying | Screenshots, student details, witness statements |
The NBI Citizen’s Charter for victims of computer crimes describes the intake process as including filing a complaint sheet, preliminary interview, initial investigation, sworn statements or affidavits, and submission of supporting documents. It lists no government fee for that service and an initial processing time of about 1 hour and 10 minutes, although the full investigation and prosecution naturally take longer.
5. Prepare a clear complaint narrative
Your written statement should be factual and organized. Avoid emotional exaggeration, even when the experience is painful. Investigators and prosecutors need the sequence of events.
A strong complaint narrative usually includes:
- Your full name, address, contact details, and ID information
- The suspect’s name, account, number, address, workplace, or identifying details, if known
- Your relationship to the suspect, if any
- When the harassment started
- What exactly was posted, sent, threatened, or shared
- Where it appeared: platform, URL, group chat, email, website, or phone number
- How often it happened
- How it affected you, your work, family, safety, reputation, or mental health
- What evidence is attached
- What immediate protection or action you are requesting
For example, instead of writing “He ruined my life online,” write:
“On March 3, 2026 at around 9:15 PM, the account using the name ‘ABC’ sent me a Messenger message saying, ‘I will post your private photos if you do not reply.’ On March 4, 2026, the same account posted one edited photo in the Facebook group ‘XYZ,’ which has approximately 12,000 members. Attached are screenshots showing the message, post URL, account profile, and comments from other users.”
6. Ask about evidence preservation and account identification
In cyber cases, delay can be a serious problem because accounts are deleted, usernames change, and logs may not be stored forever.
When speaking with PNP ACG, NBI, or the prosecutor, ask whether the case requires:
- Preservation of computer data
- Identification of the account owner
- Coordination with the platform
- Examination of your device
- A cybercrime warrant
- A subpoena or request to a service provider
- Certification or authentication of digital evidence
Do not hack back, guess passwords, install spyware, entrap the suspect on your own, or use fake accounts to threaten the harasser. Those actions can create separate legal problems and may weaken your complaint.
How Protection Orders Work for Online Harassment by a Partner or Ex-Partner
If the online harassment is connected to domestic, dating, or sexual relationship abuse against a woman or her child, RA 9262 may be the most practical immediate protection.
A protection order can include reliefs such as:
- Ordering the respondent to stop committing violence or threats
- Prohibiting contact or communication
- Staying away from the woman, child, home, workplace, school, or designated places
- Directing law enforcement assistance
- Granting other necessary reliefs allowed by law
Barangay Protection Order
A BPO is obtained at the barangay where the victim is located or resides. It can be issued by the Punong Barangay, or by an available Barangay Kagawad if the Punong Barangay is unavailable. It is effective for 15 days.
A BPO is most helpful when there is an immediate need to stop threats of physical harm or acts covered by the law. But because BPO relief is narrower than court relief, victims often still need to apply for a TPO or PPO in court.
Temporary Protection Order and Permanent Protection Order
A court application for a protection order is treated as an application for both TPO and PPO. A TPO can be issued on the date of filing and is effective for 30 days. The court should schedule the PPO hearing before or on the expiration of the TPO. If needed, the TPO may be extended or renewed while the case continues.
A PPO is issued after notice and hearing and remains effective until revoked by the court upon application of the person protected by the order.
Special Situations
If the harasser is anonymous or using a fake account
You can still file a complaint even if you do not know the real name. Bring all identifiers:
- Profile URL
- Username and display name
- Screenshots of profile photos and posts
- Phone number or email, if visible
- GCash, bank, e-wallet, or delivery details, if connected
- IP-related information, if lawfully available
- Names of people who may know the account owner
Do not assume that a fake account means the case is impossible. It may be harder and slower, but cybercrime investigators can evaluate whether account data, payment records, device information, or witness evidence can identify the person.
If you are a foreigner in the Philippines
Foreigners may file complaints in the Philippines when the offense occurred in the Philippines, the perpetrator is in the Philippines, evidence or effects are in the Philippines, or Philippine authorities have jurisdiction under the applicable law.
Prepare:
- Passport and visa or immigration details
- Local address and contact number
- Screenshots and links
- Sworn statement or affidavit
- Translations if documents are not in English or Filipino
- Proof of relationship or transactions, if relevant
If you later leave the Philippines, coordinate early on how you can execute affidavits abroad. Documents signed abroad may need notarization before a Philippine embassy or consulate, or apostille/authentication depending on where they are executed and how they will be used.
If you are a Filipino abroad
OFWs and Filipinos abroad can still preserve evidence and coordinate with family, counsel, or authorities in the Philippines. If the respondent is in the Philippines or the harmful posts target people in the Philippines, Philippine remedies may still be relevant.
Practical steps:
- Save all original digital evidence
- Ask a trusted person in the Philippines to help gather local evidence
- Execute a Special Power of Attorney if someone must act for you
- Use the Philippine Embassy or Consulate for documents that need consular acknowledgment, when applicable
- Coordinate with PNP ACG, NBI, or the prosecutor about whether personal appearance will be required
If the harassment happens at work
If the conduct is gender-based or sexual, the Safe Spaces Act requires employers to prevent, deter, and punish gender-based sexual harassment. Employers must create an internal mechanism or Committee on Decorum and Investigation (CODI), develop a code of conduct or workplace policy, protect complainants from retaliation, and maintain confidentiality to the greatest extent possible.
Save:
- Emails
- Chat logs
- Meeting messages
- Screenshots from workplace platforms
- Names of witnesses
- HR reports
- Prior complaints
Workplace action can proceed separately from a criminal complaint.
If the harassment happens in school
For elementary and secondary students, the Anti-Bullying Act of 2013, or RA 10627, requires schools to adopt policies to prevent and address bullying, including cyberbullying. For gender-based or sexual harassment, the Safe Spaces Act may also apply in educational and training institutions.
Report to the school in writing and attach evidence. Ask for acknowledgment of receipt, protective measures, and a clear timeline for action.
Common Mistakes That Can Hurt an Online Harassment Case
Deleting evidence too early
Blocking the harasser may be necessary for safety, but first preserve the evidence if you can do so safely. Deleted posts and changed usernames make investigation harder.
Posting a public counterattack
Many victims want to expose the harasser online. Be careful. Public accusations can trigger counterclaims for libel or cyberlibel, especially if details are inaccurate or cannot be proven. A factual complaint to authorities is safer than a viral retaliation post.
Sending threats back
Do not threaten to leak the harasser’s private information, harm them, or create fake accounts against them. That can turn you into a respondent in a separate complaint.
Relying only on screenshots without links
Screenshots help, but investigators often ask for URLs, account links, timestamps, device details, and original files. Save both the screenshot and the path to the original post.
Waiting too long
Some offenses have prescriptive periods, and digital evidence can disappear quickly. Report serious harassment as early as possible, especially threats, sexual content, child-related abuse, identity theft, or extortion.
Going only to the barangay for a cybercrime
Barangay blotters can help document incidents, and BPOs are crucial in RA 9262 situations. But for cybercrime investigation, fake accounts, platform data, or digital forensics, go to PNP ACG, NBI, or the prosecutor’s office.
Documents and Evidence Usually Needed
| Requirement | Why it matters |
|---|---|
| Government-issued ID | Establishes identity of complainant |
| Complaint-affidavit or sworn statement | Main factual basis of complaint |
| Screenshots with dates, times, account names, and URLs | Shows what happened and where |
| Links to posts, profiles, comments, messages, or videos | Helps investigators verify online content |
| Device used to receive threats, if relevant | May be examined or documented |
| Witness affidavits | Supports identity, publication, impact, or pattern of harassment |
| Proof of relationship | Important for RA 9262, workplace, school, or family-related cases |
| Medical, psychological, HR, school, or employment records | Helps prove harm or urgency |
| Barangay blotter or police blotter | Shows prior reporting and pattern |
| Notarized complaint forms | Often required for prosecutor, NPC, or formal complaints |
Typical Timelines and Bottlenecks
| Stage | Possible timeline | Common bottleneck |
|---|---|---|
| Evidence gathering | Same day to several days | Deleted posts, incomplete screenshots, missing URLs |
| Initial police/NBI intake | Same day, depending on office workload | Need for sworn statement and clearer evidence |
| Platform takedown | Hours to weeks | Platform review delays or wrong report category |
| Prosecutor preliminary investigation | Several months or longer | Respondent cannot be located; additional evidence needed |
| Court case | Months to years | Docket congestion, service of notices, witness availability |
| NPC privacy complaint | NPC states around 30 days for initial action; 10–12 months up to final adjudication | Formal defects, lack of notarization, insufficient evidence |
| RA 9262 BPO | Date of filing if basis is found | Limited scope and 15-day duration |
| RA 9262 TPO | Date of court filing if basis is found | Court availability, service on respondent |
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I get a restraining order for online harassment in the Philippines?
Yes, but it depends on the legal basis. If the harassment is connected to violence against a woman or her child under RA 9262, a BPO, TPO, or PPO may be available. For general online harassment outside RA 9262, protection usually comes through criminal complaints, cybercrime investigation, platform takedown, workplace or school remedies, civil injunctions in proper cases, or data privacy complaints.
Where do I report online harassment in the Philippines?
For cybercrime or online threats, report to the PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group, NBI Cybercrime Division, or the nearest police station. For gender-based online sexual harassment, the Safe Spaces Act identifies PNP ACG as a receiving and implementing body. For doxxing or misuse of personal data, consider the National Privacy Commission. For partner abuse against a woman or child, go to the barangay, police Women and Children Protection Desk, or court for RA 9262 protection.
Is cyberbullying a crime in the Philippines?
“Cyberbullying” is a practical term, but the legal case depends on the act. In schools, RA 10627 requires elementary and secondary schools to address bullying, including cyberbullying. Outside school, the conduct may fall under cyberlibel, unjust vexation, threats, identity theft, Safe Spaces Act violations, data privacy violations, or other laws.
Can I file a case if the harasser uses a fake account?
Yes. You may file a complaint against an unknown person or a person using an alias if you have sufficient details for investigation. Save the profile URL, username, screenshots, messages, links, phone numbers, payment details, and any clues connecting the fake account to a real person.
What if someone threatens to leak my private photos or videos?
Preserve the threats and report immediately. Depending on the facts, the case may involve RA 9995, the Safe Spaces Act, grave threats, coercion, extortion, cybercrime, or other offenses. If the material involves a minor, RA 11930 applies and the matter should be treated as urgent child protection abuse.
Can I force Facebook, TikTok, or another platform to reveal the harasser?
Private individuals usually cannot force platforms to disclose subscriber or account information directly. Law enforcement and courts may need formal legal processes, such as preservation requests, warrants, subpoenas, or international cooperation depending on where the platform is based.
Should I go to the barangay first?
Go to the barangay if you need a blotter, immediate local assistance, or a Barangay Protection Order under RA 9262. But for cybercrime investigation, fake accounts, non-consensual intimate images, hacking, identity theft, or platform data, go directly to PNP ACG, NBI, or the prosecutor’s office. Barangay conciliation is not a substitute for urgent cybercrime or protection action.
Can a foreigner file an online harassment complaint in the Philippines?
Yes, if the facts connect the offense to Philippine jurisdiction, such as when the perpetrator is in the Philippines, the act occurred here, or the harmful effects and evidence are here. Foreigners should prepare identity documents, local contact information, screenshots, URLs, sworn statements, and translations or authenticated documents if needed.
How do I prove online harassment in court?
You prove it through authenticated digital evidence, witness testimony, account links, timestamps, device records, platform information when available, sworn statements, and evidence of harm. Screenshots are useful, but they are stronger when supported by URLs, original files, screen recordings, witnesses, and consistent documentation.
What should I do if the online harassment involves a child?
Preserve evidence without sharing it further, report immediately to law enforcement and child protection authorities, and avoid circulating any sexual content involving the child. Contact the PNP, NBI, local social welfare office, and MAKABATA Helpline 1383. RA 11930 treats online sexual abuse and child sexual abuse or exploitation material as serious offenses.
Key Takeaways
- Online harassment in the Philippines may involve several laws, including RA 10175, RA 11313, RA 9995, RA 9262, RA 11930, RA 10173, the Revised Penal Code, and the Civil Code.
- The best first steps are to secure your safety, preserve evidence, report the content to the platform, and file with the correct office.
- For cybercrime, fake accounts, identity theft, threats, and online sexual harassment, PNP ACG and NBI are usually the key law enforcement offices.
- For women and children facing abuse by a partner or ex-partner, RA 9262 protection orders can provide immediate and enforceable protection.
- For doxxing or misuse of personal data, the National Privacy Commission may be the proper forum.
- For workplace or school harassment, internal remedies can proceed alongside criminal or privacy complaints.
- Do not delete evidence, retaliate online, threaten the harasser, or rely only on platform reporting.
- The stronger your documentation, the easier it is for authorities to understand the pattern, identify the offender, and act on your complaint.