Posting bail is a significant milestone in a criminal case, as it allows an accused person to enjoy temporary liberty while their trial is ongoing. However, "getting out" is not the end of the process. In the Philippine legal context, the period following the approval of bail is governed by strict rules under the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure.

Failure to understand the obligations attached to bail can lead to its forfeiture and the immediate re-arrest of the accused. Here is a comprehensive guide on what to expect and the necessary next steps after posting bail.

1. The Immediate Release Process

Once the judge approves the bail bond (whether it is cash, corporate surety, property, or recognizance), the court will issue an Order of Release.

Service of the Order: The order is served upon the law enforcement agency or the jail facility where the accused is detained.
Processing: The custodial officer will verify the authenticity of the order and check if there are other existing warrants (standing warrants) for other cases. If none, the accused is processed for physical release.
Documentation: Ensure you receive a copy of the Order of Release and the Approved Bail Bond. These serve as proof of your temporary liberty.

2. Mandatory Conditions of Bail

Under Rule 114, Section 2 of the Rules of Court, bail is subject to several "automatic" conditions that the accused must follow regardless of whether they are explicitly stated in the bond:

Presence at Arraignment and Trial: The accused must appear before the court whenever required by the court or the Rules.
Notification of Address: The accused must notify the court of any change in their residential address.
Waiver of Appearance: If the accused fails to appear at the trial without justification despite due notice, the trial may proceed in absentia.

3. Key Milestones After Release

A. Arraignment and Pre-Trial

If the accused was arrested before being arraigned, the first major step after release is the Arraignment. This is where the charges are formally read in a language the accused understands, and they must enter a plea (Guilty or Not Guilty).

Pre-Trial Conference: Following the arraignment, the court schedules a pre-trial to consider plea bargaining, stipulation of facts, and the marking of evidence.

B. Regular Court Hearings

The accused is expected to attend all scheduled hearings. While the lawyer handles the legal arguments, the physical presence of the accused is often required unless a Waiver of Appearance has been formally filed and accepted by the court for specific hearing dates.

C. Travel Restrictions

Contrary to popular belief, posting bail does not grant absolute freedom of movement.

Permission to Travel: If the accused intends to travel abroad, they must file a Motion for Leave to Travel Abroad with the court handling the case. The court may require a higher "travel bond" and will set specific dates for departure and return.
Hold Departure Order (HDO): In many cases, the court or the Department of Justice (DOJ) may issue an HDO or a Watch List Order to prevent the accused from leaving the country without judicial clearance.

4. Managing the Bail Bond

Cash Bond: If a cash bond was posted, the original receipt from the Clerk of Court must be kept in a safe place. This receipt is required to withdraw the money once the case is terminated (regardless of whether the verdict is a conviction or an acquittal).
Surety Bond: If a corporate surety was used, the bond is usually valid for one year and must be renewed annually until the case is finished. Failure to pay the renewal premium may cause the bonding company to move for the cancellation of the bond, leading to a new warrant of arrest.

5. Risks: Forfeiture and Cancellation of Bail

Bail can be taken away if the accused violates the conditions.

Forfeiture: If the accused fails to appear in court when required, the judge will issue an order giving the bondsman 30 days to produce the accused and explain why the bail should not be forfeited.
Cancellation: Bail is automatically cancelled upon the execution of the final judgment (conviction) or upon the acquittal of the accused. It can also be cancelled upon the application of the bondsman if they have reasonable grounds to believe the accused intends to abscond.

6. Summary of Next Steps for the Accused

Coordinate with Counsel: Immediately meet with your lawyer to discuss the strategy for the Arraignment and Pre-trial.
Calendar All Dates: Mark all court hearing dates provided in the subpoenas. "I forgot" is not a valid legal excuse for missing a hearing.
Secure Documentation: Keep copies of the bail bond, the court's approval, and the official receipts for all fees paid.
Stay Within Jurisdiction: Avoid traveling outside the country or even far from your residence without informing your lawyer and, if necessary, the court.
Monitor Bond Expiry: If using a surety bond, track the anniversary date to ensure the premium is paid and the bond remains active.